Fiscal Incidence When Both Individual Welfare and Family Structure Matter: The Case of Subsidization of Home -care for the Elderly

Demographic ageing in Western countries has increased the pressure on children of elderly parents to provide care privately as an alternative to more costly institutionalization, and this pressure is likely to intensify. While some papers have recently investigated the optimal structure of family policy in this context, there is little work so far on the distributional impact of programs whose purpose is to subsidize the care of seniors who remain at home. We investigate analytically and with simulation the measureme nt of the fiscal incidence of programs that subsidize home care for the elderly, when both individual welfare and family structure matter. The definition of welfare incidence, the comparison of welfare-based incidence with budgetary incidence for non-cooperative and cooperative families, and the calculation of the shifting of program benefits between family members, some of whom may be altruistic, are key issues in the analysis. The integration of individual welfare, family structure and benefit shifting provides a new perspective on the study of the distributional consequences of home-care programs.home care subsidy, fiscal incidence, family structure, altruism, shifting

Density of states of a graphene in the presence of strong point defects

The density of states near zero energy in a graphene due to strong point defects with random positions are computed. Instead of focusing on density of states directly, we analyze eigenfunctions of inverse T-matrix in the unitary limit. Based on numerical simulations, we find that the squared magnitudes of eigenfunctions for the inverse T-matrix show random-walk behavior on defect positions. As a result, squared magnitudes of eigenfunctions have equal {\it a priori} probabilities, which further implies that the density of states is characterized by the well-known Thomas-Porter type distribution. The numerical findings of Thomas-Porter type distribution is further derived in the saddle-point limit of the corresponding replica field theory of inverse T-matrix. Furthermore, the influences of the Thomas-Porter distribution on magnetic and transport properties of a graphene, due to its divergence near zero energy, are also examined.Comment: 6 figure

Studies of Efficiency of the LHCb Muon Detector Using Cosmic Rays

We study the efficiency of the muon detector using the cosmic ray events collected in the summer and autumn 2008. We find that the efficiencies in all stations are consistent with 100% for cosmic tracks coming from the LHCb interaction point, without any restriction on time. We calculate the efficiencies also per station and region and per station and quadrant, finding consistent results